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英语天堂-第98部分

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What a miserable lot dieters are! You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their faces。 They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food。 They are forever consulting calorie charts; gazing at themselves in mirrors; and leaping on to weighing…machines in the bathroom。 They spend a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips; protruding tummies and double chins。 Some wage all…out war on FAT。 Mere dieting is not enough。 They exhaust themselves doing exercises; sweating in sauna baths; being pummeled and massaged by weird machines。 The really wealthy diet…mongers pay vast sums for ‘health cures’。 For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred guineas a week。 Don’t think it’s only the middle…aged who go in for these fads either。 Many of these bright young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition: they are living on nothing but air; water and the goodwill of God。
Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will; so why are they so miserable? Well; for one thing; they’re always hungry。 You can’t be hungry and happy at the same time。 All the horrible concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanently dissatisfied。 Wonderfood is a complete food; the advertisement says。 ‘Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water…’。 A complete food it may be; but not quite as complete as a juicy steak。 And; of course; they’re always miserable because they feel so guilty。 Hunger just proves too much for them and in the end they lash out and devour five huge guilt…inducing cream cakes at a sitting。 And who can blame them? At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation。 What utter torture it is always watching others tucking into piles of mouth…watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice!
What’s all this self…inflicted torture for? Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of grace。 Unsaintly people do so to attain a state of misery。 It will be a great day when all the dieters in the world abandon their slimming courses; when they hold out their plates and demand second helpings!

1。 The best title for this passage is
'A' On Fat。
'B' We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy。
'C' Many Diseases Are Connected with Fat。
'D' Diet Deprives People of Normal Life。
2。 Why do they never see each other again?
'A' Because it is a memorable evening。
'B' Because she lets him eat as much fattening food as he wants。
'C' Because she does not eat this and drink that。
'D' Because eating fattening food is the surest way to an early grave。
3。 Which of the following ways is NOT mentioned for diet?
'A' Doing exercises。
'B' Not eating sugar。
'C' Not eating fat。
'D' Taking sauna baths。
4。 What is the author’s attitude toward diet?
'A' Persuasive。
'B' Critical。
'C' Indifferent。
'D' Adversative。

Vocabulary
1。 ethereal 优雅的,飘渺的
2。 sour 愁眉不展的
3。 tummy 肚子
4。 protrude 突出的,突起的
5。 wage 作(战),实行
6。 all…out 全面的
7。 sauna bath 桑拿浴
8。 pummel = pommel 用拳头连打
9。 massage 按摩
10。 weird 不可思议的,离奇的
11。 monger 商人,贩子
12。 fad 一时流行的风尚
13。 concoction 调制品,荤素混合菜,调和物
14。 wonderfood 奇妙的食物
15。 lash out 痛斥,鞭打
16。 at a/one sitting 一口气
17。 munch 用力嚼
18。 inflict 予以打击,使遭受
19。 slim 苗条的,不足取的,无价值的

写作方法与文章大意
文章论及“减肥及痛苦”。以先声夺人的男女约会入手,引入减肥的痛苦过程:首先是各种减肥的方法(全面战斗);其次是痛苦的难熬;最后点出减肥的目的。号召人放弃减肥。三段式文章:引言,正文和结论。以讽刺的笔调,步步深入的手法劝人放弃减肥,过愉快的生活。

答案详解
1。 B 我们都该长得胖乎乎,心情愉快。这是文章的目的,也是文章最佳标题。答案见最后一段:“这一切自我折磨为了什么?圣洁的人们不吃饭菜是为了身材优美,不圣洁的人们不吃饭菜得到的是痛苦。当世界上所有的节食者都抛弃这减轻体重显得苗条的课程时当他们伸出盘子,要求再来一份(第二份食物)时,这将是一个伟大的日子。”
A。 论脂肪。似乎有点儿接近文章的内容。但文章涉及到的各个方面并不是单讲脂肪食品或饮食问题。C。 许多疾病和脂肪有关。文内第一段提到这方面的问题。D。 节食剥夺了人们正常生活。文内提到,但不是文章的总目的和内容。
2。 D吃脂肪食品早死。答案就在第一段“当他们来到饭店,他发现这位优雅的少女(飘逸的少女)是个忌口节食者。决不能吃这个,一定不能喝那个。喔,当然,她不想扫他的兴,让他想吃多少脂肪的食品就尽量吃。这是早早接近死亡的最有把握的途径。”这里传递两点信息。一个吃,一个不吃已经是格格不入,再加上“多吃脂肪东西早死亡”姑娘怎能嫁他,他一个人吃而那位姑娘瞧着,确实是难以忘怀的夜晚,他受得了?所以D是最接近不再见面的原因。
A。 因为这是一个值得纪念的夜晚。B。 她让他爱吃多少脂肪食物就吃多少。C。因为她不吃这个也不吃那个。这三项都是单独的事实或情况。
3。 B不吃糖。答案再第二段第二句开始“他们大部分时间对食品都不屑一顾。他们永远向热量表讨教咨询,照镜子,跳到浴室的磅秤上称重量。他们一声都在向臀部大,肚子突出,双下巴绽开一个准输无疑的战斗。有的对脂肪开展了全面战斗。光节食是不够的,他们运动以消耗体重,洗桑拿浴出汗,用奇异的机器按摩和击打。”
A。 运动做操。C。不吃脂肪。D。洗桑拿浴。
4。 B批评的态度。这在第二、三段都有明显的表示。第二段开始:“这些节食者是多么可怜的一群人啊!你总是可以从他们愁眉不展的表情上认出他们。”第二段倒数第四句开始:“这些真正有钱的节食大款为健康治疗支付大笔的款项。他们进到“自然门诊”。两个星期饿得要死,每星期付一百畿尼。别以为仅仅是中年人参与这种时尚活动。你可以见到许多青年正由于长期营养不良而遭罪。他们就靠空气、水和上帝的善意而活着。”第三段,“节食者甘愿忍饥挨饿,那么他们为什么那样难受悲惨呢?得,首先,他们总是感到饥饿。你不可能饿着肚子高兴。他们吃的不是食物,全是搭配好的东西,这永远不能使他们满意……”第三段倒数第三句“饥饿确实令他们感到太受不了了。最终,他们破釜沉舟,一口气就吞下了五大块使人内疚的奶油蛋糕。谁能责怪他们!他们一天至少三次面对引诱,老是看着别人大口吃着馋涎欲滴的食品,而你自己用力嚼一口水饼干和喝一口没有甜味的柠檬汁。这是一种什么样的折磨啊!”
A。劝导的。 C。漠不关心。这两项不对。D。 敌意的。不合适。

Passage Thirteen (The Neutrality of American in the Early World War II)
The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States。 The compete destruction of democracy; the persecution of Jews; the war on religion; the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis; and especially the plans of Germany and her allies; Italy and Japan; for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war。 While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities; the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality。 The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them。 In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion。
American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt’s “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies。 Germany’s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people。 The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March; 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich。 In August;1939 came the shock of the Nazi…soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war。 The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich。 The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations。 A strong national defense program was begun。 A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services。 A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to sell; exchange; or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States。 Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere。 In August; 1940 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war。 In December; 1941; Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor。 Immediately thereafter; Germany declared war on the United States。

1。 One item ocomurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was
'A' the burning of the Reichstag。
'B' German plans for conquest。
'C' Nazi barbarism。
'D' the persecution of religious groups。
2。 The Lend…Lease Act was designed to
'A' help the British。
'B' strengthen the national defense of the United States。
'C' promote the Atlantic Charter。
'D' avenge Pearl Harbor。
3。 American Policy during the years 1935…1936 may be described as being
'A' watchful。
'B' isolationist。
'C' peaceful。
'D' indifferent。
4。 The Neutrality Act of 1939
'A' permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations。
'B' antagonized Japan。
'C' permitted the British to trade only with the Allies。
'D' led to Lend…Lease Act。
5。 We entered the war against Germany
'A' because Germany declared war。
'B' because Japan was an ally of Germany。
'C' after Germany had signed the Nazi…soviet Pact。
'D' after peaceful efforts had failed。

Vocabulary
1。 Reich  帝国,尤指第二次世界大战前及大战期间的德国
2。 atrocity 凶残,残暴
3。 belligerent 好战的,交战国的
4。 discretion 判断力,自行裁决,谨慎
5。 empower 赋予……权力
6。 embargo 禁运,封港
7。 quarantine 停船检疫,隔离,封锁,使孤立
8。 partition 分割,瓜分
9。 menace 威胁,危险
10。 repeal 废除,取消
11。 overage destroyer 旧式驱逐舰
12。 unprovoked 无缘无故的,非因触犯而发生的
13。 Neutrality Acts 中立法令
14。 Munich Pact 慕尼黑公约
15。 draft act 征兵法
16。 Lend Lease Act 租借法
17。 Atlantic Charter 大西洋公约
18。 Pearl Harbor 珍珠港

写作方法与文章大意
文章讲述了第三帝国成立,美国由中立到宣战的一段历史。采用按年代先后进行叙述的写作手法。文章一开始就点明主题:“第三帝国的成立影响了美国历史,从一系列事情开始,最终导致德国和美国交战。”

答案详解
1。 A帝国大厦焚毁,众所周知,这是纳粹希特勒精心策划的一次政治阴谋,旨在迫害德国共产党。
B。 德国征服计划。C。 纳粹之残暴。D。 迫害宗教团体。在文中都提到。见第一段第二句“民主的全面摧毁、对犹太人的迫害、摧残宗教、纳粹的残忍和野蛮,特别是德国及其盟国意、日、征服世界的计划激起美国极大愤怒,也带来了对又一次世界大战的恐惧。”
2。 B 加强美国国防。见第二段导数第五句“1941年的租借法规定:总统对他认为保卫美国所需要的国家有权卖给、交换或借给他们物资。”
A。 帮助英国,不对。C。 促进大西洋公约。大西洋公约是1941年8月,罗斯福和邱吉尔会面后的联合公告。D。 报复珍珠港。是1941年日本发起袭击的报复。
3。 B 与世隔绝。这在第一段第三句“美国人民虽然反对希特勒的凶残等事,他们一般还是喜欢孤立(与世隔绝的)政策和保持中立。1933年和1936年的中立条约规定:禁止和交战国双方贸易和借贷。”
A。 观察的。C。 和平的。D。 不正确的。
4。 A 允许把武器卖给交战国。答案在第二段第六句“1939年的中立条约取消了武器禁运,允许进行现钞交易出口武器给交战国。”
B。 和日本敌对。C。 允许英国只能和其盟国贸易。D。 导致租借条约。
5。 A 因为德国宣战。这在第一段已有说明。尽管希特勒坏事做尽,美国还是倾向于中立政策。第二段罗斯福在芝加哥的演讲,态度稍有改变。严厉批评希特勒的政策,但仍然以中立为主。1941年日本袭击珍珠港,不久德国宣战,美国才不得不参战。
Passage Fourteen(Antarctica and Environment)
Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station – a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the world’s environment。 Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere; Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world。
Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant…early…warning sensor; where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north。 One promising field of investigation is glaciology。 Scholars from the United States; Switzerland; and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet – a concern they believe the world at large should share。
The Transantarctic Mountain; some of them more than 14;000 feet high; divide the continent into two very different regions。 The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick。 “West” of the mountain; the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet; but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level。 If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared; the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island。
While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments; others focus on the mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica; valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter。 Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land; these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9;000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea。 Now the glaciers are gone; perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10;000 years since the ice age。 Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea。 Left bare are spectacular gorges; rippled fields of sand dunes; clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100…mile…an…hour winds; and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation。
Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys; some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth。 Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them。

1。 What is the best title for this passage?
'A' Antarctica and environmental Problems。
'B' Antarctica: Earth’s Early…Warning station。
'C' Antarctica: a Unique Observation Post。
'D' Antarctica: a Mysterious Place。
2。 What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?
'A' The western part of the continent would be disappeared。
'B' The western part of the continent would be reduced。
'C' The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands。
'D' The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands。
3。 Why are the Dry Valleys left bare?
'A' Vicious wind blasts the snow away。
'B' It rarely snows。
'C' Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind。
'D' Sand dunes。
4。 Which of the following is true?
'A' The “Dry Valleys” have nothing left inside。
'B' The “Dry Valleys” never held glaciers。
'C' The “Dry Valleys” may carry a message of hope for the verdant。
'D' The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists。

Vocabulary
1。 distant…early…warning sensor 远距离早期报警传感器
2。 plateau 高原,高地
3。 slash 挥砍
4。 blast 一阵疾风/狂风
5。 vicious 邪恶的,凶魔般的
6。 gorge 峡谷
7。 ripple 起伏,使起微波
8。 sand dune 沙丘
9。 verdant 绿色
10。 extraterrestrial 地球之外的
11。 aura 气氛

难句译注
1。 Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant…early waning sensor; where potentially dangerous 
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