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my name is red-厘議兆忖出碕-及75何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭鮗 ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭鮗 ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼誅卒亮茂俊彭堋響辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬
Frankish masters that paved the ong artists and endless
443
quandries was never resolved。 For painting itself was abandoned察 artists
painted neither like Easterners nor Westerners。 The miniaturists did not grow
angry and revolt察 but like old men b to an illness察 they
gradually accepted the situation with humble grief and resignation。 They were
neither curious about nor dreamed about the work of the great masters of
Herat and Tabriz察whom they once followed with awe察or the Frankish masters察
whose innovative methods they aspired to察 caught indecisively between envy
and hatred。 Just as the doors of houses are closed of an evening and the city is
left to darkness察painting was also abandoned。 It was mercilessly forgotten that
we¨d once looked upon our world quite differently。
My father¨s book察sadly察remained unfinished。 From where Hasan scattered
the pleted pages on the ground察 they were transferred to the Treasury察
there察 an efficient and fastidious librarian had them bound together with
other unrelated illustrations belonging to the workshop察 and thus they were
separated into several bound albums。 Hasan fled Istanbul察 and disappeared察
never to be heard from again。 Shevket and Orhan never forgot that it wasn¨t
Black but their Uncle Hasan who was the one who killed my father¨s murderer。
In place of Master Osman察 who died two years after going blind察 Stork
became Head Illuminator。 Butterfly察 y late
father¨s talents察devoted the rest of his life to drawing ornamental designs for
carpets察 cloths and tents。 The young assistant masters of the workshop gave
themselves over to similar work。 No one behaved as though abandoning
illustration were any great loss。 Perhaps because nobody had ever seen his own
face done justice on the page。
My whole life察I¨ve secretly very much wanted two paintings made察which
I¨ve never mentioned to anybody此
1。 My own portrait察 but I knew however hard the Sultan¨s miniaturists
tried察they¨d fail察because even if they could see my beauty察woefully察none of
them would believe a woman¨s face was beautiful without depicting her eyes
and lips like a Chinese woman¨s。 Had they represented me as a Chinese beauty察
the way the old masters of Herat would¨ve察 perhaps those who saw it and
recognized me could discern my face behind the face of that Chinese beauty。
But later generations察 even if they realized my eyes weren¨t really slanted察
could never determine what my face truly looked like。 How happy I¨d be
today察in my old age!which I live out through the fort of my children!if
I had a youthful portrait of myself
444
2。 A picture of bliss此What the poet Blond Nazm of Ran had pondered in
one of his verses。 I know quite well how this painting ought to be made。
Imagine the picture of a mother with her two children察 the younger one察
whom she cradles in her arms察nursing him as she smiles察suckles happily at
her bountiful breast察 smiling as well。 The eyes of the slightly jealous older
brother and those of the mother should be locked。 I¨d like to be the mother in
that picture。 I¨d want the bird in the sky to be depicted as if flying察and at the
same time察 happily and eternally suspended there察 in the style of the old
masters of Herat who were able to stop time。 I know it¨s not easy。
My son Orhan察who¨s foolish enough to be logical in all matters察reminds
me on the one hand that the time´halting masters of Herat could never depict
me as I am察and on the other hand察that the Frankish masters who perpetually
painted mother´with´child portraits could never stop time。 He¨s been insisting
for years that my picture of bliss could never be painted anyhow。
Perhaps he¨s right。 In actuality察we don¨t look for smiles in pictures of bliss察
but rather察 for the happiness in life itself。 Painters know this察 but this is
precisely what they cannot depict。 That¨s why they substitute the joy of seeing
for the joy of life。
In the hopes that he might pen this story察which is beyond depiction察I¨ve
told it to my son Orhan。 Without hesitation I gave him the letters Hasan and
Black sent me察along with the rough horse illustrations with the smeared ink察
which were found on poor Elegant Effendi。 Above all察 don¨t be taken in by
Orhan if he¨s drawn Black more absentminded than he is察 made our lives
harder than they are察 Shevket worse and me prettier and harsher than I am。
For the sake of a delightful and convincing story察 there isn¨t a lie Orhan
wouldn¨t deign to tell。
1990C92察1994C98
445
336C330 B。C。此 Darius ruled in Persia。 He was the last king of the
Achaemenids察losing his empire to Alexander the Great。
336C323 B。C。此Alexander the Great established his empire。 He conquered
Persia and invaded India。 His exploits as hero and monarch were legendary
throughout the Islamic world even until modern times。
622此The Hegira。 The emigration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca
to Medina察and the beginning of the Muslim calendar。
1010此 Firdusi¨s Book of Kings。 The Persian poet Firdusi lived circa 935C
1020 presented his Book of Kings to Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni。 Its episodes
on Persian myth and history!including Alexander¨s invasion察tales of the hero
R┨stem and the struggle between Persia and Turan!have inspired miniaturists
since the fourteenth century。
1206C1227此 The reign of Mongol ruler Genghis Khan。 He invaded Persia察
Russia and China察and extended his empire from Mongolia to Europe。
C。 1141C1209此The Persian poet Nizami lived。 He wrote the romantic epic the
Quintet察 prised of the following stories察 all of which have inspired
miniaturist painters此 The Treasury of Mysteries察 H┨srev and Shirin察 Leyla and
Mejnun察The Seven Beauties and The Book of Alexander the Great。
1258此The Sack of Baghdad。 Hulagu reigned 1251C1265察the grandson of
Genghis Khan察conquered Baghdad。
1300C1922此 The Ottoman Empire察 a Sunni Muslim power察 ruled south´
eastern Europe察the Middle East and North Africa。 At its greatest extent察the
empire reached the gates of Vienna and Persia。
1370C1405此Reign of the Turkic ruler Tamerlane。 Subdued the areas that the
Blacksheep ruled in Persia。 Tamerlane conquered areas from Mongolia to the
Mediterranean including parts of Russia察 India察 Afghanistan察 Iran察 Iraq and
Anatolia where he defeated the Ottoman Sultan Bayazid I in 1402。
1370C1526此 The Timurid Dynasty察 established by Tamerlane察 fostered a
brilliant revival of artistic and intellectual life察and ruled in Persia察central Asia
and Transoxiana。 The schools of miniature painting at Shiraz察Tabriz and Herat
flourished under the Timurids。 In the early fifteenth century Herat was the
center of painting in the Islamic world and home to the great master Bihzad。
1375C1467此The Blacksheep察a Turkmen tribal federation察ruled over parts of
Iraq察 eastern Anatolia and Iran。 Jihan Shah reigned 1438C67察 the last
Blacksheep ruler察was defeated by the Whitesheep Tall Hasan in 1467。
446
1378C1502此 The Whitesheep federation of Turkmen tribes ruled northern
Iraq察 Azerbaijan and eastern Anatolia。 Whitesheep ruler Tall Hasan reigned
1452C78 failed in his attempts to contain the eastward expansion of the
Ottomans察but he defeated the Blacksheep Jihan Shah in 1467 and the Timurid
Abu Said in 1468察extending his dominions to Baghdad察Herat察and the Persian
Gulf。
1453此Ottoman Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror took Istanbul。 Demise of
the Byzantine Empire。 Sultan Mehmet later missioned his portrait from
Bellini。
1501C1736此The Safavid Empire ruled in Persia。 The establishment of Shia
Islam as the state religion helped unify the empire。 The seat of the empire was
at first located in Tabriz察then moved to Kazvin察and later察to Isfahan。 The first
Safavid ruler察 Shah Ismail reigned 1501C24察 subdued the areas that the
Whitesheep ruled in Azerbaijan and Persia。 Persia weakened appreciably during
the rule of Shah Tahmasp I reigned 1524C76。
1512此 The Flight of Bihzad。 The great miniaturist Bihzad emigrated from
Herat to Tabriz。
1514此 The Plunder of the Seven Heavens Palace。 The Ottoman Sultan
Selim the Grim察after defeating the Safavid army at Chaldiran察plundered the
Seven Heavens Palace in Tabriz。 He returned to Istanbul with an exquisite
collection of Persian miniatures and books。
1520C66此 S┨leyman the Magnificent and the Golden Age of Ottoman
Culture。 The reign of Ottoman Sultan S┨leyman the Magnificent。 Important
conquests expanded the empire to the east and the west察 including the first
seige of Vienna 1529 and the capture of Baghdad from the Safavids 1535。
1556C1605此 Reign of Akbar察 Emperor of Hindustan察 a descendant of
Tamerlane and Genghis Khan。 He established miniaturists¨ workshops in Agra。
1566C74此The reign of Ottoman Sultan Selim II。 Peace treaties signed with
Austria and Persia。
1571此 The Battle of Lepanto。 A four´hour naval battle between allied
Christian forces and the Ottomans subsequent to the Ottoman invasion of
Cyprus 1570。 Though the Ottomans were defeated察 Venice surrendered
Cyprus to the Ottomans in 1573。 The battle had great impact on European
morale and was the subject of paintings by Titian察Tintoretto and Veronese。
1574C95此The reign of Ottoman Sultan Murat III during whose rule the
events of our novel take place。 His rule witnessed a series of struggles between
447
1578C90 known as the Ottoman´Safavid wars。 He was the Ottoman sultan
most interested in miniatures and books察 and he had the Book of Skills察 the
Book of Festivities and the Book of Victories produced in Istanbul。 The most
prominent Ottoman miniaturists察 including Osman the Miniaturist Master
Osman and his disciples察contributed to them。
1576此Shah Tahmasp¨s Peace Offering to the Ottomans。 After decades of
hostility察Safavid Shah Tahmasp made a present to the Ottoman Sultan Selim II
upon the death of S┨leyman the Magnificent in an attempt to foster future
peace。 Among the gifts sent to Edirne is an exceptional copy of the Book of
Kings察 produced over a period of twenty´five years。 The book was later
transferred to the Treasury in the Topkapi Palace。
1583此The Persian miniaturist Velijan Olive察about ten years after ing
to Istanbul察is missioned to work for the Ottoman court。
1587C1629此Reign of the Safavid Persian ruler Shah Abbas I察begins with the
deposition of his father Muhammad Khodabandeh。 Shah Abbas reduced
Turkmen power in Persia by moving the capital from Kazvin to Isfahan。 He
made peace with the Ottomans in 1590。
1591此The Story of Black and the Ottoman Court Painters。 A year before
the thousandth anniversary calculated in lunar years of the Hegira察 Black
returns to Istanbul from the east察beginning the events recounted in the novel。
1603C17此 The reign of Ottoman Sultan Ahmet I察 who destroyed the large
clock with statuary sent to the sultan as a present by Queen Elizabeth I。
448
Orhan Pamuk
MY NAME IS RED
Orhan Pamuk is the author of seven novels and the recipient
of major Turkish and international literary awards。
He is one of Europe¨s most prominent novelists察and
his work has been translated into twenty´six languages。
He lives in Istanbul。
a note about the translator
Erda拭M。 Gknar is visiting assistant professor of Turkish language
and culture at Duke University。 He is also writing his first novel。
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