友情提示:如果本网页打开太慢或显示不完整,请尝试鼠标右键“刷新”本网页!
富士康小说网 返回本书目录 加入书签 我的书架 我的书签 TXT全本下载 『收藏到我的浏览器』

pale blue dot -carl sagan-第40部分

快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部! 如果本书没有阅读完,想下次继续接着阅读,可使用上方 "收藏到我的浏览器" 功能 和 "加入书签" 功能!


w; this new telos is within our grasp。

The pioneering psychologist William James called religion a 〃feeling of being at home in the Universe。〃 Our tendency has been; as I described in the early chapters of this book; to pretend that the Universe is how we wish our home would be; rather than to revise our notion of what's homey so it embraces the Universe。 If; in considering James' definition; we mean the real Universe; then we have no true religion yet。 That is for another time; when the sting of the Great Demotions is well behind us; when we are acclimatized to other worlds and they to us; when we are spreading outward to the stars。

The Cosmos extends; for all practical purposes; forever。 After a brief sedentary hiatus; we are resuming our ancient nomadic way of life。 Our remote descendants; safely arrayed on many worlds through the Solar System and beyond; will be unified by their mon heritage; by their regard for their home planet; and by the knowledge that; whatever other life may be; the only humans in all the Universe e from Earth。

They will gaze up and strain to find the blue dot in their skies。 They will love it no less for its obscurity and fragility。 They will marvel at how vulnerable the repository of all our potential once was; how perilous our infancy; how humble our beginnings; how many rivers we had to cross before we found our way。




ABOUT THE AUTHOR

 
CARL SAGAN was the David Duncan Professor of Astronomy and Space Sciences and Director of the Laboratory for Planetary Studies at Cornell University。 He played a leading role in the American space program since its inception。 He was a consultant and advisor to NASA since the 1950s; briefed the Apollo astronauts before their flights to the Moon; and was an experimenter on the Mariner; Viking; Voyager; and Galileo expeditions to the planets。 He helped solve the mysteries of the high temperature of Venus (answer: massive greenhouse effect); the seasonal changes on Mars (answer: windblown dust); and the reddish haze of Titan (answer: plex organic molecules)。

For his work; Dr。 Sagan received the NASA medals for Exceptional Scientific Achievement and (twice) for Distinguished Public Service; as well as the NASA Apollo Achievement Award。 Asteroid 2709 Sagan is named after him。 He was also awarded the John F。 Kennedy Astronautics Award of the American Astronautical Society; the Explorers Club 75th Anniversary Award; the Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Medal of the Soviet Cosmonauts Federation; and the Masursky Award of the American Astronomical Society (〃for his extraordinary contributions to the development of planetary science 。。。。 As a scientist trained in both astronomy and biology; Dr。 Sagan has made seminal contributions to the study of planetary atmospheres; planetary surfaces; the history of the Earth; and exobiology。 Many of the most productive planetary scientists working today are his present and former students and associates〃)。



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS



Most of the material in this book is new。 A number of chapters have evolved from articles first published in Parade magazine; a supplement to the Sunday editions of American newspapers which; with an estimated 80 million readers; may be the most widely read magazine in the world。 I am greatly indebted to Walter Anderson; the editor…in…chief; and David Currier; the executive editor; for their encouragement and editorial wisdom; and to the readers of Parade; whose letters have helped me understand where I have been clear; and where obscure; and how my arguments are received。 Portions of other chapters have emerged from articles published in Issues in Science and Technology; Discover; The Planetary Report; Scientific American; and Popular Mechanics。

Aspects of this book have been discussed with a large number of friends and colleagues; whose ments have greatly improved it。 Although there are too many to list by name; I would like to express my real gratitude to all of them。 I want especially; though; to thank Norman Augustine; Roger Bonnet; Freeman Dyson; Louis Friedman; Everett Gibson; Daniel Goldin; J。 Richard Gott III; Andrei Linde; Jon Lomberg; David Morrison; Roald Sagdeev; Steven Soter; Kip Throne; and Frederick Turner for their ments on all or part of the manuscript; Seth Kaufmann; Peter Thomas; and Joshua Grinspoon for their help with tables and graphs; and a brilliant array of astronomical artists; acknowledged at each illustration; who have permitted me to showcase some of their work。 Through the generosity of Kathy Hoyt; Al McEwen; and Larry Soderblom; I've been able to display some of the exceptional photomosiacs; airbrush maps; and other reductions of NASA images acplished at the Branch of Astrogeology; U。S。 Geological Survey。

I am indebted to Andrea Barnett; Laurel Parker; Jennifer Bland; Loren Mooney; Karenn Gobrecht; Deborah Pearlstein; and the late Eleanor York for their able technical assistance; and to Harry Evans; Walter Weintz; Ann Godoff; Kathy Rosenbloom; Andy Carpenter; Martha Schwartz; and Alan MacRobert on the production end。 Beth Tondreau is responsible for much of the design elegance on these pages。

On matters of space policy; I have benefited from discussions with other members of the board of directors of The Planetary Society; especially Bruce Murray; Louis Friedman; Norman Augustine; Joe Ryan; and the late Thomas O。 Paine。 Devoted to the exploration of the Solar System; the search for extraterrestrial life; and international missions by humans to other worlds; it is the organization that most nearly embodies the perspective of the present book。

Those readers interested in more information on this nonprofit organization; the largest space…interest group on Earth; may contact:

THE PLANETARY SOCIETY

65 N。 Catalina Avenue

Pasadena; CA 91106

Tel。: 1…800…9 WORLDS

As is true of every book I've written since 1977; I am more grateful than I can say to Ann Druyan for searching criticism and fundamental contributions both on content and style。 In the vastness of space and the immensity of time; it is still my joy to share a planet and an epoch with Annie。



REFERENCES

(a few citations and suggestions for further reading)

 


PLANETARY EXPLORATION IN GENERAL:

J。 Kelly Beatty and Andrew Chaiken; editors; The New Solar System; third edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1990)。 Eric Chaisson and Steve McMillan; Astronomy Today (Englewood Cliffs; NJ: Prentice Hall; 1993)。

Esther C。 Goddard; editor; The Papers of Robert H。 Goddard (New York: McGraw…Hill; 1970) (three volumes)。

Ronald Greeley; Planetary Landscapes; second edition (New York: Chapman and Hall; 1994)。

William J。 Kaufmann III; Universe; fourth edition (New York: W。 H。 Freeman; 1993)。 Harry Y。 McSween; Jr。; Stardust to Planets (New York: St。 Martin's; 1994)。 Ron Miller and William K。 Hartmann; The Grand Tour: A Traveler's Guide to the Solar System; revised edition

(New York: Workman; 1993)。 David Morrison; Exploring Planetary Worlds (New York: Scientific American Books; 1993)。 Bruce C。 Murray; journey to the Planets (New York: W。W。 Norton; 1989)。

Jay M。 Pasachoff; Astronomy: From Earth to the Universe (New York: Saunders; 1993)。

Carl Sagan; Cosmos (New York: Random House; 1980)。

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky; The Call of the Cosmos (Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House; 1960) (English

translation)。

 

CHAPTER 3; THE GREAT DEMOTIONS

John D。 Barron and Frank J。 Tipler; The Anthropic Cosmological Principle (New York: Oxford University Press;

1986)。 A。 Linde; Particle Physics and Inflationary Cosmology (Harwood Academy Publishers; 1991)。

B。 Stewart; 〃Science or Animism?;〃 Creation /Evolution; vol。 12; no。 1 (1992); pp。 18…19。

Steven Weinberg; Dreams of a Final Theory (New York: Vintage Books; 1994)。

 

CHAPTER 4; A UNIVERSE NOT MADE FOR US

Brian Appleyard; Understanding the Present: Science and the Soul of Modern Man (London: Picador/Pan Books

Ltd。; 1992)。 Passages quoted appear; in order; on the following pages: 232; 27; 32; 19; 19; 27; 9; xiv; 137;

112…113; 206; 10; 239; 8; 8。 J。 B。 Bury; History of the Papacy in the 19th Century (New York: Schocken; 1964)。 Here; as in many other

sources; the 1864 Syllabus is transcribed into its 〃positive〃 form (e。g。; 〃Divine revelation is perfect〃) rather

than as part of a list of condemned errors (〃Divine revelation is imperfect〃)。

 

CHAPTER 5; IS THERE INTELLIGENT LIFE ON EARTH?

Carl Sagan; W。 R。 Thompson; Robert Carlsson; Donald Gurnett; and Charles Hord; 〃A Search for Life on Earth

from the Galileo Spacecraft;〃 Nature; vol。 365 (1993); pp。 715…721。

 

CHAPTER 7; AMONG THE MOONS OF SATURN

Jonathan Lunine; 〃Does Titan Have Oceans?;〃 American Scientist; vol。 82 (1994); pp。 134…144。 Carl Sagan; W。 Reid Thompson; and Bishun N。 Khare; 〃Titan: A Laboratory for Prebiological Organic

Chemistry;〃 Accounts of Chemical Research; vol。 25 (1992); pp。 286…292。 J。 William Schopf; Major Events in the History of Life (Boston: Jones and Bartlett; 1992)。

 

CHAPTER 8; THE FIRST NEW PLANET

Bernard Cohen; 〃G。 D。 Cassini and the Number of the Planets;〃 in Nature; Experiment and the Sciences;

Trevor Levere and W。 R。 Shea; editors (Dordrecht: Kluwer; 1990)。

 

CHAPTER 9; AN AMERICAN SHIP AT THE FRONTIERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

Murmurs of Earth; CD…ROM of the Voyager interstellar record; with introduction by Carl Sagan and

Ann Druyan (Los Angeles: Warner New Media; 1992); WNM 14022。 Alexander Wolszczan; 〃Confirmation of Earth…Mass Planets Orbiting the Millisecond Pulsar PSR

B1257+12;〃 Science; vol。 264 (1994); pp。 538…542。

 

CHAPTER 12; THE GROUND MELTS

Peter Cattermole; Venus: The Geological Survey (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1994)。 Peter Francis; Volcanoes: A Planetary Perspective (Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1993)。

 

CHAPTER 1 3; THE GIFT OF APOLLO

Andrew Chaikin; A Man on the Moon (New York: Viking; 1994)。Michael Collins; Liftoff (New York: Grove Press; 1988)。Daniel Deudney; 〃Forging Missiles into Spaceships;〃 World Policy Journal; vol。 2; no。 2 (Spring 1985); pp。 271…303。

Harry Hurt; For All Mankind (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press; 1988)。

Richard S。 Lewis; The Voyages of Apollo: The Exploration of the Moon (New York: Quadrangle; 1974)。

Walter A。 McDougall; The Heavens and the Earth: A Political History of the Space Age (New York:

Basic Books; 1985)。

Alan Shepherd; Deke Slayton et al。; Moonshot (Atlanta: Hyperion; 1994)。

Don E。 Wilhelms; To a Rocky Moon: A Geologist's History or Lunar Exploration (Tucson: University of

Arizona Press; 1993)。

 

CHAPTER 14; EXPLORING OTHER WORLDS AND PROTECTING THIS ONE

Kevin W。 Kelley; editor; The Home Planet (Reading; MA: AddisonWesley; 1988)。 Carl Sagan and Richard Turco; A Path Where No Man Thought: Nuclear Winter and the End of the Arms

Race (New York: Random House; 1990)。

Richard Turco; Earth Under Siege: Air Pollution and Global Change (New York: Oxford University

Press; in press)。

 

CHAPTER 15; THE GATES OF THE WONDER WORLD OPEN

Victor R。 Baker; The Channels of Mars (Austin: University of Texas Press; 1982)。

Michael H。 Carr; The Surface of Mars (New Haven: Yale University Press; 1981)。

H。 H。 Kieffer; B。 M。 Jakosky; C。 W。 Snyder; and M。 S。 Matthews; editors; Mars (Tucson: University of Arizona

Press; 1992)。

John Noble Wilford; Mars Beckons: The Mysteries; the Challenges; the Expectations of Our Next Great

Adventure in Space (New York: Knopf; 1990)。

 

CHAPTER 18; THE MARSH OF CAMARINA

Clark R。 Chapman and David Morrison; 〃Impacts on the Earth by Asteroids and ets: Assessing the Hazard;〃

Nature; vol。 367 (1994); pp。 3340。 A。 W。 Harris; G。 Canavan; C。 Sagan; and S。 J。 Ostro; 〃The Deflection Dilemma: Use vs。 Misuse of Technologies

for Avoiding Interplanetary Collision Hazards;〃 in Hazards Due to Asteroids and ets; T。 Gehrels;

editor (Tucson: University of Arizona Press; 1994)。 John S。 Lewis and Ruth A。 Lewis; Space Resources: Breaking the Bonds of Earth (New York: Columbia

University Press; 1987)。 C。 Sagan and S。 J。 Ostro; 〃Long…Range Consequences of Interplanetary Collision Hazards;〃 Issues in Science and

Technology (Summer 1994); pp。 67…72。

 

CHAPTER 19; REMAKING THE PLANETS

J。 D。 Bernal; The World; the Flesh; and the Devil (Bloomington; IN: Indiana University Press; 1969; first edition;

1929)。

James B。 Pollack and Carl Sagan; 〃Planetary Engineering;〃 in J。 Lewis and M。 Matthews; editors; Near…Earth 

Resources (Tucson: University of Arizona Press; 1992)。

 

CHAPTER 20; DARKNESS

Frank Drake and Dava Sobel; Is Anyone Out There? (New York: Delacorte; 1992)。

Paul Horowitz and Carl Sagan; 〃Project META: A Five…Year All…Sky Narrowband Radio Search for

Extraterrestrial Intelligence;〃 Astrophysical Journal; vol。 415 (1992); pp。 218…235。 Thomas R。 McDonough; The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1987)。

Carl Sagan; Contact: A Novel (New York: Simon and Schuster; 1985) 。

 

CHAPTER 21; TO THE SKY!

J。 Richard Gott III; 〃Implications of the Copernican Principle for Our Future Prospects;〃 Nature; vol。 263 (1993);

pp。 315…319。

 

CHAPTER 22; TIPTOEING THROUGH THE MILKY WAY

I。 A。 Crawford; 〃Interstellar Travel: A Review for Astronomers;〃 Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical

Society; vol。 31 (1990); p。 377。

I。 A。 Crawford; 〃Space; World Government; and ‘The End of History;' 〃Journal of the British Interplanetary

Society; vol。 46 (1993); pp。 415…420。 Freeman J。 Dyson; The World; the Flesh; and the Devil (London: Birkbeck College; 1972)。

Ben R。 Finney and Eric M。 Jones; editors; Interstellar Migration and the Human Experience (Berkeley:

University of California Press; 1985)。 Francis Fukuyama; The End of History and the Last Man (New York: The Free Press; 1992)。 Charles Lindholm; Charisma (Oxford: Blackwell; 1990)。 The ment on the need for a telos is in this book。

Eugene F。 Mallove and Gregory L。 Matloff; The Starflight Handbook (New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1989)。

Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan; et (New York: Random House; 1985)。





【 END】
返回目录 上一页 回到顶部 0 0
快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
温馨提示: 温看小说的同时发表评论,说出自己的看法和其它小伙伴们分享也不错哦!发表书评还可以获得积分和经验奖励,认真写原创书评 被采纳为精评可以获得大量金币、积分和经验奖励哦!