友情提示:如果本网页打开太慢或显示不完整,请尝试鼠标右键“刷新”本网页!
富士康小说网 返回本书目录 加入书签 我的书架 我的书签 TXT全本下载 『收藏到我的浏览器』

VB2008从入门到精通(PDF格式英文版)-第42部分

快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部! 如果本书没有阅读完,想下次继续接着阅读,可使用上方 "收藏到我的浏览器" 功能 和 "加入书签" 功能!



     The room groupings are managed by the  LightingController class。 An initial implemen

tation of  LightingController is as follows: 



    Public Class LightingController  

        Private _roomGroupings As BaseLinkedListItem = New RoomGrouping() 

    End Class 



     When dealing with linked lists; you have a problem: which is the first element of a list? When  

you use arrays; an empty list of arrays is an array with no references。 But there is an explicit  

array object。 Using the linked list; an empty linked list is a list that does not exist。 Thus; when  

you want to create a list; you need a room。 In  LightingController; the first element is an instance  

of RoomGrouping; which is not a room grouping; but serves as a placeholder。 To insert a room  

grouping; you could simply use this code: 



_roomGroupings。Insert(NewRoomGroup()) 



     Without the placeholder; you would need to write the following code whenever you  

wanted to add an element into the list。 



If _roomGroupings Is Nothing Then 

    _roomGroupings = NewRoomGroup() 

Else  

    _roomGroupings。Insert(NewRoomGroup()) 

End If 



     The code that uses the placeholder is shorter and simpler; however; it also requires a dangling  

instance of RoomGrouping that has no real value。 I chose the dangling approach because I am  

making the decision that a room grouping with no identifier is the default room grouping。 



Adding a Room Grouping 



The following code adds a room grouping (added to the class  LightingController)。 



    Public Function AddRoomGrouping(ByVal description As String) As Object 

        Dim grouping As RoomGrouping = New RoomGrouping() _ 

        With { _ 

              。Description = description; _ 

              。Rooms = Nothing 

             } 

        _roomGroupings。Insert(grouping) 

        Return grouping 

    End Function  


…………………………………………………………Page 236……………………………………………………………

214       CH AP T E R   8   ■    L E A R N IN G   AB OU T   CO M P O N E N TO R IE N T E D  AR C HI TE CT U R E 



                To add a new room grouping; you instantiate RoomGrouping; assign the data members; and  

           then call the method _roomGroupings。Insert() to insert the new room grouping into the linked list。 

                Let’s look at the technique for assigning data members; called object initialization。 In  

           previous examples; when an object was instantiated and we wanted to assign default values;  

           we would create a constructor with the appropriate parameters。 However; another way is to instan

           tiate the object and define a block that assigns the appropriate data members or properties。 In the  

           case of RoomGrouping; there are two publicly defined data members: Description and Rooms:  



                          。Description = description; _ 

                          。Rooms = Nothing 



                The Description and  Rooms data members have assign access; which is important as this  

           technique only works with properties that are not read…only。 To assign a data member or prop

           erty; after the object instantiation; add the With keyword; and then within curly brackets; assign  

           each individual data member using a key/value pair; in this form: 



           With { 。Key1 = value1; 。Key2 = value2 } 



                 The key represents the data member property to assign; and the value is the data that is  

           assigned to the data member or property。 In the form example; the properties Key1 and  Key2  

           are set。 

                Another technique of interest in the code to add a room grouping is the definition of a data  

           handle when passing information: 



               Return grouping 



                In the implementation of AddRoomGrouping(); the variable grouping is assigned an  

           instance of RoomGrouping。 The declaration of the RoomGrouping class limits its scope to the  

           LibLightingSystem assembly only; while the declaration of  LightingController is public。 If the  

           method AddRoomGrouping() had attempted to return an instance of RoomGrouping; the piler  

           would have marked this as an error; because the scope is inconsistent。 Assuming for the moment  

           that you did want to return an instance of RoomGrouping; your only solution would be to declare  

           RoomGrouping as public。 The declaration change is the wrong solution; because RoomGrouping is  

           a class without declared methods (other than the base class methods) and has public data  

           members。 It is a class for a specific purpose and should not be shared。 

                Declaring RoomGrouping as public is the wrong approach; so another solution is needed。  

           You could add a counter data member to the  RoomGrouping declaration and return an Integer  

           value indicating the RoomGrouping instance you are referring to in the list。 However; that would  

           mean having access to the list somewhere; and then needing to iterate to find the appropriate  

           RoomGrouping instance。 

                The solution is to declare the method as returning a type Object。 When you use Object;  

           you are defining that your method is giving you an object instance。 The caller may or may not  

           know what the instance type is; and in the case of AddRoomGrouping(); it doesn’t。 But that is fine;  

           because you; as the user; will consider the instance as a key that is managed by the class  

           LightingController。 In technical jargon; the object instance is a handle that you hold and pass  

           to some other ponent that knows what to do with it。 In the example; it means giving the  

           handle to  LightingController because it knows that the handle is an instance of RoomGrouping。  


…………………………………………………………Page 237……………………………………………………………

                             C H AP TE R   8   ■    L E AR N IN G   AB O U T   CO M P O N E N T O R IE N TE D   A R CH I TE C TU R E 215 



■Note  Handles were very popular in the C programming days and were consider pointers to memory。 The  

caller did not know what the pointer pointed to; but kept using it when interacting with an API。 These days;  

handles have lost significance as we have objects;  generics; and other programming constructs。 However; at  

times; handles are very useful。 They can help you to avoid the problem of having to expose the internal state  

of your API; while not having to maintain an object hierarchy to watch which objects are being referenced。 



Finding a Room Grouping 



When a number of room groupings have been added; you will want to find a room grouping  

with a particular description。 As room groupings are a doubly linked list; it means needing to  

iterate the list; as follows (added to  LightingController): 



    Public Function FindRoomGrouping(ByVal description As String) As Object 

        Dim curr As RoomGrouping = _roomGroupings。NextItem 

        Do While curr IsNot Nothing 

            If curr。Description。pareTo(description) = 0 Then 

                Return curr 

            End If 

            curr = TryCast(curr。NextItem; RoomGrouping) 

        Loop 

        Return Nothing 

    End Function 



     In the iteration code; the iteration is similar to the code illustrated earlier in the “Storing a  

Collection Using a Linked List” section。 The one difference is that the curr variable is of type  

RoomGrouping; and because NextItem is of type BaseLinkedListItem; a type cast is necessary。  

Then an iteration using a While loop is carried out; during each iteration; a test paring  

curr。Description to the parameter description is made。 If an object is found; the handle to  

the RoomGrouping is returned; and if nothing is found; Nothing is returned; indicating that the  

RoomGrouping could not be found。 

     This method would be used as follows: 



Dim foundHandle As Object = controller。FindRoomGrouping(〃description〃) 



     Visual Basic has constructs that make it possible to convert the  LightingController class  

into a class that has array functionality。 The following method in LightingController declares  

array…like functionality; which is called a default property 



Default Public ReadOnly Property Item(ByVal description As String) As Object  

    Get  

        Return FindRoomGrouping(description) 

    End Get 

End Property 



     A Visual Basic default property is defined like a property; except that the property is prefixed  

with a Default keyword。 The default property is named  Item by convention; and this name is  

used by all  collection classes for consistency。 The implementation of a property is just like  


…………………………………………………………Page 238……………………………………………………………

216       CH AP T E R   8   ■    L E A R N IN G   AB OU T   CO M P O N E N TO R IE N T E D  AR C HI TE CT U R E 



           other properties。 However; the default property is unique in that you use it like an array refer

           ence。 You could use the default property as follows: 



           Dim foundHandle As Object = controller(〃description〃) 



                In the example; the array index is a string and behaves more like a property bag。 However;  

           if description were of type  Integer; then the default property would behave like an index。  



           ■Note  Default properties are utility…based and best added to classes that manage collections。 In the case  

           of the LightingController; which manages a collection of room groupings; use of a default property is  

           appropriate。  



                To find a particular room grouping; you would use the methods or default property of  

           LightingController。 However; sometimes a user would like to work with all of the room group

           ings that are available and iterate over them。  

                The previous indexer example and the  FindRoomGrouping() method returned an object。  

           When you iterate the room groupings; you don’t want an object; because you don’t know what  

           the object represents。 If you call the  FindRoomGrouping() method and you search based on a  

           description; the object that is returned is cross…referenced with the description。 However; if  

           you iterate using a numeric default property; the returned object means nothing to you other  

           than being associated with a specific index。 What you really want to know is the description of  

           each object。 

                You could define a default property with a numeric value; as in the following code; and  

           iterate the individual elements to obtain descriptions。 



           Default Public ReadOnly Property Item(ByVal index As Integer) As String 

               Get  

                   。 。 。 

               End Get 

           End Property 



           ■Note  A type can have multiple default property definitions; but each default property definition must have  

           different array parameters。 



                Suppose we implemented a numeric default property。 To iterate the individual room  

           groupings; we would need to use the following code。 



           For c1 As Integer = 0 To controller。Length 1 

               Dim description As String = controller(c1) 

           Next 


…………………………………………………………Page 239……………………………………………………………

                             C H AP TE R   8   ■    L E AR N IN G   AB O U T   CO M P O N E N T O R IE N TE D   A R CH I TE C TU R E 217 



     This iteration code is acceptable and something that we could use; but it involves adding  

the property  Length to the  LightingController class。 Another approach is to use  For Each; as  

follows: 



For Each rg As RoomGrouping In controller。RoomGroupingIterator() 

    ' Do something with the rg 

    Console。WriteLine(rg。Description) 

Next 



     The  For Each syntax is simpler。 It doesn’t matter that we’ve lost the information about  

which offset is which description; because that information is useless。 Remember we are dealing  

with a linked list that can change its order however it pleases。 Thus; having a numeric identifier  

is pletely meaningless。 The only reliable way to find a room grouping is to know its description  

or hold a specific index for the collection。 



■Note  Unless you are absolutely sure that the collection you are manipulating does not move elements  

around; holding an index as a unique description of the object can be dangerous; and potentially could corrupt  

the state of an application。 In this chapter; I have illustrated two other techniques that can be used to refer

ence a particular object: a handle and a default property。 



     We’ll e to the  RoomGroupingIterator() method in a bit; but first we need to see the  

enumerable that it returns。  

     The  LightingController class has no For Each functionality built in。 To give it this function

ality; you need to create a class that can be enumerated and a class that can be an enumerator;  

which is a class that can perform the iteration。 The plete implementation of a class that  

can be enumerated for BaseLinkedListItem is as follows (it is also the enumerator class; as  

you’ll see)。 



Public Class LinkedListEnumerable 

    Implements IEnumerable; IEnumerator 

    Private _currNode As BaseLinkedListItem 

    Private _firstNode As BaseLinkedListItem 



    Public Sub New(ByVal linkedList As BaseLinkedListItem) 

        _currNode = linkedList 

        _firstNode = linkedList 

    End Sub 



    Public Function GetEnumerator() As IEnumerator _ 

    Implements IEnumerable。GetEnumerator 

        Return Me 

    End Function 


…………………………………………………………Page 240……………………………………………………………

218       CH AP T E R   8   ■    L E A R N IN G   AB OU T   CO M P O N E N TO R IE N T E D  AR C HI TE CT U R E 



              Public ReadOnly Property Current() As Object _ 

              Implements IEnumerator。Current 

                  Get 

                      Return _currNode 

                  End Get 

              End Property 



              Public Function MoveNext() As Boolean _ 

              Implements IEnumerator。MoveNext 

                  If _currNode Is Nothing Then 

                      Return False 

                  End If 

                  _currNode = _currNode。NextItem 

                  If _currNode Is Nothing Then 

                      Return False 

                  Else 

                      Return True 

                  End If 

              End Function 



              Public Sub Reset() _ 

              Implements IEnumerator。Reset 

                  _currNode = 
返回目录 上一页 下一页 回到顶部 11 11
快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
温馨提示: 温看小说的同时发表评论,说出自己的看法和其它小伙伴们分享也不错哦!发表书评还可以获得积分和经验奖励,认真写原创书评 被采纳为精评可以获得大量金币、积分和经验奖励哦!